The original of this design is a simple little lute with 9 fruitwood (possibly apple) ribs, labelled ‘...in Padov…1595’. It has come to be known as the ‘Presbyter’ lute. It was owned by the late Robert Spencer, in 11c form, and is now in a private collection in Switzerland, converted back to the more appropriate 7 courses. It is a charming, plain instrument, and makes a good model for 6c or 7c lutes.